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China has the world's largest population at over 1.4 billion people. Rapid urbanization has moved hundreds of millions from rural areas to cities, creating the world's largest middle class.

GDP per capita has risen dramatically from under $1,000 in 2000 to over $12,000 today, reflecting China's transformation from a low-income to an upper-middle-income economy.

China's household savings rate is among the highest globally at around 30-35% of disposable income, driven by limited social safety nets, housing costs, and cultural factors emphasizing frugality.