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Japan's population of approximately 125 million is declining and aging rapidly — over 29% of citizens are aged 65 or older, the highest ratio in the world.

GDP per capita stands around $34,000-40,000, reflecting a high standard of living. Japan has one of the world's most educated populations with near-universal literacy.

Japan faces a persistent labor shortage due to its aging demographics. The unemployment rate remains very low (around 2.5%), but workforce participation among women and elderly has been increasing through 'Abenomics' reforms.